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In Congress, Opposition to Harmful Biofuel Mandate Grows

November 4, 2013 by Leave a Comment

In a letter to EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy, members of Congress are urging the EPA to reduce the required biofuel volumes under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) for 2014. The letter, signed by more than 150 members from both parties, correctly points out that the RFS is a flawed policy, based on faulty assumptions, that hurts the economy and the environment:

“Unfortunately, despite the best intentions of the RFS, its premise and structure were based on many assumptions that no longer reflect the current market conditions, and the imposition of the 2014 volumes now threatens to cause economic and environmental harm. As Congress continues its bi-partisan work to address these concerns, we are writing to request that the EPA use its authority to adjust the 2014 RFS volumes.”

The RFS is indeed premised on assumptions that are no longer valid. When Congress passed the RFS in 2005 and expanded it in 2007, gasoline consumption was rising while U.S. oil production was falling, prompting Congress to search for alternative fuels to replace what were perceived to be America’s dwindling oil resources. Today, however, the exact opposite is true. Oil production has skyrocketed thanks to advancements in technology that combine hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, while gasoline consumption has leveled off. As a result, U.S. oil imports have fallen from about 60 percent of supply to less than 40 percent.

The Energy Information Administration (EIA) recently announced that U.S. weekly oil production is now at its highest levels since 1992. Over the last two years, domestic oil production grew by almost 1.9 million barrels per day (bpd), an increase of 34 percent. This increase is roughly equivalent to adding Venezuela’s total average annual oil production since 2008 to U.S. production totals.

The RFS is a fatally flawed policy of a bygone era. America’s new energy landscape obviates the need for inflexible government mandates handed down by bureaucrats who think they can precisely predict the country’s fuel needs more than a decade into the future.  As the growing chorus of RFS critics in Congress explain, “the rigid nature of the federal law has not allowed it to change as new realities emerge in the market place.” Government edicts, especially those not based on reality, are destined to hurt American families.

IER Policy Associate Alex Fitzsimmons authored this post.

 

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power, Renewable Fuel Standard, Threats Tagged With: , , , , , ,

AAA Slams ‘Outdated’ Federal Ethanol Mandate

October 29, 2013 by Leave a Comment

Yesterday, AAA called on the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to lower the 2014 ethanol mandates under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). AAA’s statement comes in response to a recently leaked draft copy of the EPA’s 2014 requirements, in which the agency weighs decreasing the total biofuel mandate.

EPA’s leaked draft proposes reducing the total renewable fuel requirement to 13 billion gallons in 2014, down from 16.55 billion gallons this year. As AAA President Bob Darbelnet explains:

“It is just not possible to blend the amount of ethanol required by current law given recent declines in fuel consumption, and it is time for public policy to acknowledge this reality. The EPA should lower ethanol targets immediately as part of the proposed 2014 RFS rule to support consumers and promote alternative fuels.”

As we have mentioned on these pages before, the federal ethanol mandate harms Americans. An increase in the RFS coupled with a decline in demand for gasoline could force the amount of ethanol blended into gasoline above 10 percent—more than automakers have certified their engines to use. As most cars are not made to run on higher ethanol blends, this could cause “voided warranties and vehicle damage,” as AAA puts it. Moreover, if the ethanol mandate is not lowered, many refiners will not be able to meet the requirements and will be on the hook for significant fines, meaning an increase in gasoline costs for Americans.

Though EPA may lower the overall mandate, their leaked draft still proposes unrealistic cellulosic biofuel volumes. According to the draft, EPA would raise the cellulosic mandate from 20,000 gallons of actual production last year, to 23 million gallons in 2014. This is particularly egregious, as only 220,000 credits of cellulosic ethanol have been generated this year, despite EPA’s requirement to produce 6 million gallons.

As AAA correctly stated, it is impossible for refiners to meet the mandate as it currently stands. Not only is the RFS a burden on refiners, but it is also damaging to Americans as it will lead to higher gasoline and car maintenance costs. While the possibility of a decrease in the RFS mandate is encouraging, it is a far cry from the simple fix need the RFS really needs—no more mandates.

IER Press Secretary Chris Warren authored this post.

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power, Renewable Fuel Standard, Threats Tagged With: , , , ,

Krugman: Forget Taxing Carbon, Let's Just Ban Coal

October 28, 2013 by Leave a Comment

The proponents of a carbon tax claim that it is a “market-based” approach to curbing so-called “negative externalities” (such as greenhouse gas emissions). They argue that a “putting a price” on carbon, for example, is far more efficient than command-and-control regulations where the government imposes its own technology choices on the energy sector. Yet in a recent article, Paul Krugman lets the cat out of the bag: He’s fine with the government just banning coal. Krugman’s candor is significant, because as a Nobel Prize winning economist and one of the top-read economics blogs on the planet, he sets the parameters of the policy debate for many of his readers. If even Krugman is only paying lip service to “market solutions,” you can bet the rank and file activists are only using that phrase as a rhetorical ploy too.

The context is Krugman’s lengthy review of William Nordhaus’ new book, The Climate Casino: Risk, Uncertainty, and Economics for a Warming World . Here’s the relevant passage, where Krugman lets out his central planner inside:

And yet there is a slightly odd dissonance in this book’s emphasis on carbon pricing. As I’ve just suggested, the standard economic argument for emissions pricing comes from the observation that there are many margins on which we should operate.…Nonetheless, the message I took from this book was that direct action to regulate emissions from electricity generation would be a surprisingly good substitute for carbon pricing—not as good, but not bad.

And this conclusion becomes especially interesting given the current legal and political situation in the United States, where nothing like a carbon-pricing scheme has a chance of getting through Congress at least until or unless Democrats regain control of both houses, whereas the Environmental Protection Agency has asserted its right and duty to regulate power plant emissions, and has already introduced rules that will probably prevent the construction of any new coal-fired plants. Taking on the existing plants is going to be much tougher and more controversial, but looks for the moment like a more feasible path than carbon pricing. [Bold added.]

So don’t let the Ph.D. economists with their fancy jargon make you think this is “let the chips fall where they may” exercise: Sure, he’ll let Nordhaus talk about internalizing externalities, having “the market” come up with a least-cost solution, not imposing arbitrary government regulations that assume the bureaucrats know the answer upfront…but when all is said and done, Krugman knows we need to knock out coal-fired power plants to save civilization itself. (That’s not hyperbole on my part: The title of Krugman’s review is, “Gambling With Civilization.”) If Nordhaus can’t convince elected representatives to put his “market-based solution” in place, then Krugman is happy for the EPA to impose the outcome Krugman wants.

Incidentally, in case the reader thinks I’m exaggerating, consider Krugman’s discussion of how to force China and other countries to go along with a penalty on carbon emissions:

On one side, “carbon tariffs” on imported goods from nonparticipating countries would provide a powerful inducement to join in. My reading of international trade law is that such tariffs would probably be ruled legal by the World Trade Organization—and if not, so much for the WTO. Saving the planet trumps free trade.

In conclusion, I suppose we should be thankful for Krugman’s candor: He’s admitting he’s on a mission to save civilization and indeed the planet itself from coal-fired power plants. If this mentality is driving a Nobel laureate in economics, how concerned do we think the rank-and-file advocate of energy regulations is with economic growth and energy prices?

There is a reason the U.S. produces so much of its electricity—37 percent in 2012, according to EIA—from coal: It is a very efficient way to deliver affordable energy to American consumers. A de facto ban on coal would lead to a sharp surge in prices, and would cause harms especially to poor Americans—an ironic outcome for a “progressive” like Krugman.

The advocates of a carbon tax claim to embrace it as a “market-based solution,” but Krugman’s recent article shows this is merely a rhetorical move. They will support a top-down government blueprint for the energy sector if the public won’t allow Congress to impose an explicit carbon tax. This is precisely why so many critics opposed the EPA’s entry into such areas; it is effectively imposing the restrictions on emissions that the Congress could never achieve through the legislative process.

IER Senior Economist Robert P. Murphy authored this post.

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power, Threats Tagged With: , , , , ,

Feds Throw More Tax Dollars at Biofuels to Cover Up Mandate Mistake

October 24, 2013 by 8 Comments

Reuters reports on the latest tomfoolery from Uncle Sam regarding biofuels:

The U.S. government on Monday announced $181 million in loan guarantees to build commercial-size refineries making advanced biofuels or to retrofit existing biorefineries to produce the cleaner-burning renewable fuels.

Since 2008, the Agriculture Department has provided $684 million through the Biorefinery Assistance Program to support projects in eight states. Applications for the latest round of funding are due by Jan. 30.

Although loan guarantees are different from an explicit cash grant, they still put the taxpayers on the hook for projects that private investors won’t touch. Let’s not forget the infamous bankruptcies that occurred under the Department of Energy’s loan guarantee program and other subsidies for “alternative” energy. Indeed, a recent Inspector General report finds that, after obligating $929 million for biorefineries, DOE “had not yet achieved its biorefinery production and development goals.”

The Reuters article goes on to suggest a clue as to why the USDA keeps pumping in so much to support biofuels:

USDA announced the funding at a time the federal mandate for biofuels is under challenge in Congress and in the bureaucracy. The Environmental Protection Agency has said it is considering whether to scale back the mandate, now dominated by corn-based ethanol.

Part of the problem here is that EPA has set cellulosic biofuel refinery targets that are physically impossible to meet, and then fines refiners for failing to do the impossible. A favored producer of cellulosic, KiOR, has badly missed production targets and is facing a class action suit  from investors for misleading them about its capacity growth.

Rather than admit its horrendous track record in picking winners and losers in the energy markets, the federal government is doubling down. It first uses the stick of unrealistic and arbitrary mandates to expand biofuels, then uses the carrot of loan guarantees and other subsidies. The hapless American citizens get hit with a one-two punch of higher energy prices (from the mandates) and less money (from the tax-financed subsidies). Only when it comes to government does an initial failure invite more of the same.

IER Senior Economist Robert P. Murphy authored this post.

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power, Renewable Fuel Standard, Threats Tagged With: , , ,

Big Ethanol's 'Trifecta' of Goodies

October 23, 2013 by Leave a Comment

Rep. Peter Welch (D-Vt.) offered an astute observation recently about federal ethanol policy. Speaking at a National Journal event titled, “Biofuels Mandate: Defend, Reform, or Repeal,” Welch pointed out that the ethanol industry has benefited from a “trifecta” of preferential federal policies: subsidies, tariffs, and mandates.

Beyond wasting taxpayer funds, these policies have real, harmful effects on the American people. We’ll explain each policy and address their impacts, starting with subsidies. Subsequent posts will explore tariffs and mandates.

Tax Credits and Grant Programs

Over the years, the federal government has offered several tax subsidies for biofuel production. The most expensive subsidy is the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit (VEETC), a 45 cents-per-gallon credit to refiners for ethanol blended with gasoline. The VEETC, which expired at the end of 2011, cost taxpayers $3.8 billion for just the four months it was available in fiscal year 2012. Had it not expired, the VEETC was projected to cost $7.2 billion annually, on average, between 2014 and 2021, according to a recent report by the National Research Council.

Though VEETC expired, other tax subsidies for biofuel production remain. The biodiesel tax credit awards $1 per gallon of biomass-based biodiesel produced. Passed by Congress as part of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, the credit has expired twice, in 2010 and 2012. Congress revived the credit at the end of 2012 as part of the deal to avert the fiscal cliff and will give retroactive payments to biodiesel producers who produced fuel in 2012 even though the credit had lapsed. The U.S. produced 991 million gallons of biodiesel in 2012, which means taxpayers will likely fork over close to $1 billion for fuels that were produced when the credit was no longer in effect.

In addition to tax subsidies, biofuel producers also benefit from numerous federal grant programs. The Energy Policy Act of 2005, for instance, directed the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to provide funding for biorefinery projects. To date, DOE has awarded more than $929 million for 29 projects, including $561 million from the federal stimulus in 2009. Last month, a DOE Inspector General report found that more than $600 million in biorefinery funding “had not yet achieved its biorefinery development and production goals.”

Other grant programs include the U.S. Agriculture Department’s (USDA) Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels, which spent more than $211 million[1] since fiscal year 2010, and the Biomass Research and Development Initiative, a joint DOE and USDA program that spent more than $144 million[2] since fiscal year 2009. All told, the biofuel industry has benefited from billions of dollars in federal tax preferences and grant programs.

Subsidies Distort Markets

Tax subsidies and grant programs harm consumers by distorting markets. In a free market, profits and losses serve as indicators of consumer preferences. But grants and tax credits replace consumer preferences with political preferences. Companies have less incentive to serve customers if they can still turn a profit by collecting government handouts. This can lead to less innovative companies that spend more time lobbying for subsidies than delivering superior products to their customers.

In addition to replacing consumer preferences with political preferences, subsidies can also distort the price signals received by consumers. Subsidies, to the extent that they allow companies to reduce prices, can make uneconomical products seem like a good deal to consumers. For example, the VEETC made ethanol appear more economical to refiners than it really was. But this does not create real value for consumers, since those consumers are also usually taxpayers. What appears to be a valuable purchase for consumers is really just a wealth transfer from consumers to producers.

Rather than giving tax preferences and government grants to specific energy technologies, a more effective approach is to reduce the marginal tax rate across all energy sources. A simplified tax code with low marginal rates promotes economic growth and prevents legislators and bureaucrats from picking winners and losers by rewarding favored groups with tax preferences and punishing other groups with punitive tax hikes.

As will be discussed in subsequent posts, the distortionary effects of subsidies are compounded when combined with tariffs and mandates. Before it expired in 2011, the ethanol tariff protected domestic producers from foreign competitors, potentially raising prices on consumers. The federal ethanol mandate, the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), provides ethanol producers guaranteed, rising market share by forcing domestic competitors to purchase their products.

IER Policy Associate Alex Fitzsimmons authored this post.

[1] Using USASpending.gov, search CFDA Program Number 10.867.

[2] Search CFDA Program Number 10.312 on USASpending.gov. Note that these figures are only as reliable as the government data.

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power, Renewable Fuel Standard Tagged With: , , , , ,

Obama's Anti-Social Approach to the 'Social Cost of Carbon'

October 22, 2013 by Leave a Comment

There are many problems with the standard case for a carbon tax, including very dubious assumptions in the computer models used to calibrate the so-called “social cost of carbon.” Yet even if we put aside all of those principled objections, the way that the Obama Administration in practice has tried to clamp down on greenhouse gas emissions is alarming. Susan Dudley, Brian Manix, and Sofie Miller spell out the problems in a recent Reuters article.

With the failure of efforts to implement cap-and-trade or an outright carbon tax, the federal government has shifted to regulation to achieve its objectives in a stealthier manner. The Reuters article explains the skullduggery here:

The day after his 2009 inauguration, President Barack Obama committed to “creating an unprecedented level of openness in government.”

He vowed to build on “transparency [that] promotes accountability by providing the public with information about what the government is doing,” “participation [that] allows members of the public to contribute ideas and expertise,” and “collaboration [that] actively engages Americans in the work of their government.”

Despite these promises, and despite longstanding requirements of administrative law, the Obama administration is making significant regulatory decisions behind closed doors — without transparency or public involvement. Yet these new regulations could have enormous impact on Americans for generations to come.

Later on they explain exactly what they mean by their claim of “closed doors” policymaking:

Rather than working openly with experts and the public to develop this key metric, the administration quietly released a revised SCC in May as a fait accompli. The new SCC is $41 per ton — almost double the value that the administration set in 2010.

This revised social cost of carbon first appeared in a “technical support document” produced by an interagency working group. Since then, the SCC has been used to justify new regulations that the government estimates will cost Americans hundreds of millions per year — including new efficiency standards for major appliances and revised power plant rules.

Indeed. Many of us who follow climate change policy closely only learned of the new estimate of the “social cost of carbon” when it was buried in a new rule regulating the “standby mode” of microwaves. This is hardly the way to announce to the world that the estimates of the SCC had (almost) doubled in a mere three years—especially when those estimates would be used to regulate American households and industry. Even proponents of aggressive action on climate change at the time agreed that the new estimate was “[b]uried in an obscure regulation” in the “fine print.”

Whether or not one supports a federal government crackdown on carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, certainly we can all agree that such a momentous intervention in the energy sector and the broader economy should occur with complete transparency. This will allow outside experts—as well as the general public—to see exactly what assumptions and procedures are being used to justify the new restrictions on business and higher energy prices for consumers.

The fact that the “most transparent Administration in history” resorts to regulatory fiat, disclosed under the cover of night, shows that their case for more intervention is not very strong.

IER Senior Economist Robert P. Murphy authored this post.

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power, Threats Tagged With: , ,

RFS 'A Christmas Story' for Big Ethanol

October 21, 2013 by Leave a Comment

In a recent op-ed for The Hill, Ron Lamberty of the American Coalition for Ethanol likens the federal ethanol mandate to “A Christmas Story,” a classic American film about a boy who wants Santa to give him a Red Ryder BB gun for Christmas.

The analogy isn’t far from the truth. In 2005, Congress gifted Big Ethanol its version of Ralphie’s Red Ryder BB gun—a federal mandate that requires Americans to purchase their products.

Indeed, the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) has been a gift that keeps on giving for ethanol producers. The RFS requires oil refiners to blend increasing volumes of ethanol into gasoline, with the goal of blending 36 billion gallons by 2020. The mandate gives ethanol producers guaranteed, rising market share through repeat customers. Moreover, the RFS forces refiners to sell the ethanol industry’s products.

But just as Santa warned Ralphie, “you’ll shoot your eye out, kid” with a Red Ryder BB gun, the RFS has backfired on the American people. According to one estimate, the RFS could raise gas prices by as much as $1 per gallon next year due to the broken compliance system that forces refiners to purchase expensive ethanol credits, called Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs).

That’s just the beginning of story. The RFS makes corn more expensive—helping corn farmers, but harming people who buy large amounts of corn. In fact, corn prices are 70 percent higher since the RFS went into effect, causing feedlot operators, who fatten cattle for slaughter, to shutter operations at escalating rates. In 2012, about 2,000 of the nation’s 77,120 feedlots closed shop, up from just 20 the previous year.

Higher feed costs get passed on to American families in the form of higher grocery bills. The RFS diverts 40 percent of the nation’s corn supply to biofuel production. Burning more corn for fuel makes less available to feed the livestock needed to produce beef, milk, chicken, and eggs, among countless other products. That’s why groups like the National Chicken Council and the National Council of Chain Restaurants oppose the RFS.

Joining refiners and food producers, many human rights advocates also oppose the RFS for the impact it has on worldwide food prices. For example, a United Nations official has called the practice of using food to produce fuel “a crime against humanity.” Katja Winkler, a researcher for a nonprofit organization in Guatemala, has remarked, “The average Guatemalan is now hungrier because of biofuel development.”

When Congress passed the RFS, it gave Big Ethanol a gift that forces families to decide between putting food on the table and putting presents under the tree. When the ethanol industry claims that “the RFS is working,” so we should “leave it alone,” what they really mean is, “The RFS is working because it is making us richer even though it costs the rest of America.” Ralphie’s mother would have punished him for such insolence. It’s time Congress ended the preferential treatment for ethanol producers.

IER Policy Associate Alex Fitzsimmons authored this post.

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power, Renewable Fuel Standard, Threats Tagged With: , ,

EPA Weighs Quadrupling Phantom Fuel Mandate

October 17, 2013 by Leave a Comment

A leaked draft of the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) 2014 volume requirements under the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) reveal that the agency may decrease the total biofuel mandate but nearly quadruple the amount of cellulosic biofuel that refiners must blend into gasoline.

The draft proposal calls for decreasing the total amount of biofuel to 15.21 billion gallons in 2014, down from 16.55 billion gallons this year and slightly above the 15.2 billion gallons in 2012. It would also require 2.21 billion gallons of so-called “advanced” biofuel (ie. sugar cane ethanol), including 23 million gallons of cellulosic biofuel, a dramatic increase from the 20,000 gallons of cellulosic ethanol produced last year. That leaves an implied corn-ethanol mandate of 13 billion gallons, a reduction from 13.8 billion gallons in 2013.

EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy would neither confirm nor deny the accuracy of the leaked draft. If true, the proposal continues EPA’s tradition of issuing biofuel mandates with no basis in reality. As the following chart shows, EPA consistently overestimates cellulosic biofuel production, forcing refiners to purchase and blend fuels that essentially do not exist. Moreover, EPA forced refiners in 2011 to pay $6.8 million in penalties even though not a drop of cellulosic biofuel was produced for commercial purposes.

EPA’s unrealistic projections finally caught up with them. Earlier this year, the D.C. Circuit Court chastised EPA for failing to develop its cellulosic mandate in an objective, scientific manner. The Court described EPA’s actions as a case of “let[ting] its aspirations for a self-fulfilling prophecy divert it from a neutral methodology.”

Although EPA reduced the 2013 cellulosic volumes to 6 million gallons, the mandate still does not comport with reality. By EPA’s own admission, there have been just 129,731 cellulosic ethanol credits generated so far this year. This prompted the American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers (AFPM) and the American Petroleum Institute (API) to file lawsuits challenging EPA’s unrealistic cellulosic mandate, as IER explains here.

Even after being reprimanded by the courts, it appears EPA is poised to once again mandate unrealistic cellulosic biofuel volumes. Under federal law, EPA must adjust required cellulosic volumes “based on” the Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) annual estimate of cellulosic biofuel production for the next year.

EIA, however, has not released their projected cellulosic volume for 2014. That means EPA’s leaked draft proposes almost quadrupling the cellulosic mandate next year apparently without considering EIA’s 2014 volume projection that the EPA’s cellulosic projection is supposed to be “based on.”

It is important to reiterate that the leaked draft does not represent an official proposal, which means EPA may change its mind. Nevertheless, as the D.C. Circuit ruled, EPA must to use a “neutral methodology” instead of “its aspirations.” Arguing that cellulosic biofuel producers would produce 23 million gallons in 2014, given the cellulosic producers’ track record, is unrealistic to say the least. It is clearly an example EPA’s aspirations for what they will produce instead of a real “projection of what will actually happen” as the court explained is required by law.

It is one thing for EPA to hope the cellulosic industry will produce more ethanol, but quite another to punish oil refiners and the rest of us at the pump for the failures of cellulosic producers.

IER Policy Associate Alex Fitzsimmons authored this post.

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power, Renewable Fuel Standard, Threats Tagged With: , , ,

Forty Years After the Oil Embargo

October 16, 2013 by Leave a Comment

On October 16, 1973, the Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) announced a decision to raise the price of oil by 70 percent a barrel, which was followed by an embargo on oil shipped to the United States, a five percent reduction in production from September’s levels, and ongoing production reductions in five percent increments until the organization’s economic and political objectives were met. A new analysis from IER takes a look back at the 1973 embargo and examines the present domestic oil and natural gas outlook. IER’s findings include:

1. The embargo, combined with the perverse consequences from oil price controls introduced earlier by Nixon, meant that consumers had to wait for hours in long lines at gas stations, some of which were miles long.

2. Allowing markets to work would have increased prices where supply would meet demand without Americans suffering the long lines and other restrictions on energy usage that Nixon had imposed.

3. Although we have 24 percent less proved oil reserves now than in 1973, proved oil reserves are a small subcategory of our total oil reserves. Currently, the U.S. has 1.442 trillion barrels of technically recoverable oil. When combined with all North American recoverable resources, there is more than six times the amount of Saudi Arabia’s proved oil reserves.

4. The U.S. reached peak oil production in 1970. Since then, crude oil production in the United States had been on a downward trend until 2008, after which a sharp uptick in production occurred as a result of the shale oil boom in the United States from hydraulic fracturing and innovative directional drilling technologies.

5. Although many of our natural resources are found on federal lands, the increase in oil production has been occurring mainly on private and state lands. Between fiscal year 2007 and 2012, oil production on private and state lands increased by 40 percent, while oil production on federal land declined by 23 percent.

6. 1973 marked a year of peak historical production for natural gas at 21.73 trillion cubic feet. While natural gas production declined somewhat after that, it began to increase again after 2005, and has reached a new peak in 2012 of 24.06 trillion cubic feet. The U.S. is now the largest natural gas producer in the world.

7. Technically recoverable natural gas in the U.S. is estimated to total 2,744 trillion cubic feet, more than 100 years of natural gas at 2012 consumption levels.

Much has happened over the past 40 years regarding oil and natural gas production in the United States. America is once again the leading producer of natural gas in the world and is expected to be the leading producer of oil in the near future. The change is the result of the shale oil and gas revolution and the advent of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling technologies that make shale oil and gas production feasible.  After decades of varied and often wrongheaded government energy policies, Americans are benefitting from the private sector, private investment, human ingenuity and the involvement of the states that are not tied to Washington decision making.

To read the full analysis, click here.

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power Tagged With: , , ,

'Saudi America' Becomes World's Leading Oil & Gas Producer

October 15, 2013 by 1 Comment

For the United States, 2013 has been the year of energy. Last month, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) announced that crude oil reserves were at their highest levels in more than two decades. Now EIA reports that the U.S. will surpass Russia and Saudi Arabia to become the world’s number one combined producer of oil and natural gas.

Recent technological advancements in the U.S. that combine hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling have unlocked vast shale resources that were previously inaccessible. This shale energy boom, which is occurring on state and private lands, is reshaping the geopolitical landscape.

According to EIA, U.S. petroleum and natural gas production will reach nearly 50 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) in 2013, outpacing Russia by 5 quadrillion Btu. Since 2008, U.S. petroleum production has increased 7 quadrillion Btu, while natural gas output has grown 3 quadrillion Btu. In comparison, Russia and Saudi Arabia each increased their combined hydrocarbon production by 1 quadrillion Btu over the same period.

America’s shale energy boom is nothing short of historic. In 2011, U.S. proved oil reserves increased 15 percent (3.8 billion barrels) to the highest levels since 1985, according to EIA. U.S. proved natural gas reserves grew 10 percent in the same year, the second largest increase since 1977.

Source: Energy Information Administration

President Obama recently tried to take credit for America’s domestic energy boom. At a press conference about the government shutdown, Obama remarked that “for the first time in a very long time” the U.S. is exporting more oil than we’re importing. But this increase is occurring in spite of President Obama, not because of him. The increased production is occurring on state and private lands, not federal lands. Since 2010, oil production is down 18 percent and natural gas production is down 16 percent on federal lands. In fact, fossil fuel production on federal lands is at a 10-year low.

As the following chart explains, production on state and private lands, where the federal government has little input, is the driving force behind the U.S. energy renaissance.

The shale oil and gas boom on state and private lands would be occurring on federal lands, but for government red tape. In 2012, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) took 228 days, on average, to approve permits to drill on federal lands, up from 154 days in 2005. In comparison, it took 20-30 days for North Dakota, 14 days for Ohio, and 27 days for Colorado to process similar permits to drill on state lands. By slow walking drilling permits, BLM is costing Americans jobs, the Treasury revenue, and the country affordable energy.

Thanks to our domestic energy boom, America has displaced Russia and Saudi Arabia as the world’s leading producer of oil and natural gas. But it is important to point out that this boom is not occurring everywhere. State and private lands are driving production increases, while production on federal lands is at its lowest levels in a decade. America is an energy rich country, but our vast resources count for nothing if we keep them in the ground.

IER Intern Leah Whetstone authored this post.

Filed Under: Facts, News, Products and Power Tagged With: , , , ,
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