Refineries: The Backbone of the Economy

 

The American Products and Power bus tour made an exciting stop at the Tesoro refinery in Mandan, ND last week. The bus tour team was greeted by managers on site where we learned about a recent expansion at the refinery, bringing economic growth and jobs to the area.

Ron Day, Environmental Health and Safety Manager, signs the bus

The Tesoro refinery began operations in 1954 following the discovery of oil in Tioga, ND in 1951. With the advancement of hydraulic fracturing technology in recent years, oil production in North Dakota has skyrocketed, surpassing both California and Alaska in daily production. Currently, North Dakota is producing 660,000 barrels of oil a day and has the lowest unemployment rate in the country.

The influx of high quality “sweet crude oil” (low sulfur content) from the Bakken, coupled with a rising demand for diesel fuel, spurred the $35 million expansion investment in the refinery, boosting capacity from 58,000 barrels a day to 68,000 barrels a day. Moreover, Tesoro added more employees to their highly-paid workforce of 250 employees at the refinery, further helping the community.

The Mandan refinery manufactures gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, heavy fuel oils, and liquefied petroleum gas. Next time you fill up your car with gasoline to drop the kids off at school, shop for food at the grocery store, or drive to work our high-tech, complex, fast-paced economy depends on energy products manufactured at refineries such as the Mandan refinery.

Especially in these difficult economic times, we need job creation like what is happening in the North Dakota and at places like the Mandan refinery. If you support affordable energy and sensible regulation, sign the petition here to send Washington a message that energy is critical to growing the economy.

AEA Releases Statement on Romney-Ryan Energy Plan

WASHINGTON D.C. — In advance of Republican Presidential Candidate Mitt Romney’s speech today, in which the former Massachusetts governor will outline his plan for energy independence, AEA President Thomas Pyle released the following statement:

“Energy will continue to be a major concern for the American people. With gas prices setting record highs this summer, corn prices artificially inflated due to failed energy policies, and electricity rates skyrocketing nationwide, it is important for the American people to know where Mitt Romney stands and where he would take the country,” Pyle said.

“For the last four years, we’ve seen what President Obama’s policies have meant: record layoffs in the coal industry, a deluge of anti-growth regulations from the Environmental Protection Agency, greater dependence on oil from the Persian Gulf, endless delays for the Keystone XL pipeline, an economy-busting stranglehold on offshore development, and billions of taxpayer dollars wasted on the administration’s renewable energy schemes. In the coming weeks, the American Energy Alliance will continue to monitor all the proposals put on the table — and assess those proposals against the records of two men who aspire to lead America’s energy future.”

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The Obama Administration Teams with Private Equity Firm to Single Out a Individual Refinery for Help

The Wall Street Journal is reporting that the Obama administration played “a central role” in encouraging a private equity firm to rescue a struggling refinery in Pennsylvania. This is rather ironic since part of the reason for the refinery’s financial troubles were the Obama administration’s burdensome regulations.

Earlier this year, refineries on the East Coast were struggling. Sunoco’s northeast refining business had lost over $900 million over the past three years and was considering selling or closing its Philadelphia refinery and its Marcus Hook refinery. These refineries were suffering under the weight of years of regulation and trying to compete in the global marketplace. The outlook was bleak for these refineries and the jobs and petroleum products they supplied.

One of the more important reasons for these possible closures was the ever-increasing and changing regulations that affect the industry. Since the 1990s, 66 U.S. refineries have closed, and according to the Department of Energy the costs of regulatory compliance are one of the prime reasons for these closures.[1] Since 1990, refineries have spent $128 billion to comply with federal environmental regulation.[2] To put that in context, that works out to over $850 million per operating refinery in 2011.[3]

The Obama administration likely saw the bad press it was receiving in Pennsylvania, a swing state, and took action by working to get Carlyle Group—a private-equity firm like Bain Capital—to buy a controlling interest in Sunoco’s Philadelphia refinery.

The Wall Street Journal Reports:

Carlyle last month said it would take a two-thirds stake in the refinery and invest at least $200 million to upgrade [the Philadelphia refinery], staving off the potential for fuel-price increases and saving 850 unionized jobs in Pennsylvania, a likely battleground state in November.

To help seal the deal, expected to be made final in September, the Obama administration and state regulators agreed to loosen certain environmental restrictions on the refinery. Pennsylvania’s Republican governor, Tom Corbett, contributed $25 million in state subsidies and other incentives.

This is just backwards. The Obama administration has been increasing the regulatory burden on all refineries, but instead of working to rationalize the regulations so that all refineries can compete, the administration worked with a private equity firm to help a single refinery.

Refining is a tough business. Instead of singling out one refinery to help, the administration should work to standardize reasonable, balanced regulations for all refineries. With rational regulation the refining business can grow in the United States, providing jobs and products in an increasingly competitive world.


[1] Department of Energy, Small Refinery Exemption Study An Investigation into Disproportionate Economic Hardship, p. 29–30, March 2011, http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/compliancehelp/small-refinery-exempt-study.pdf. 

[2] Written Statement of American Fuel & Petrochemical Manufacturers as Submitted to the Subcommittee on Counterterrorism and Intelligence, Committee on Homeland Security, United States House of Representatives on Implications of Refinery Closures for U.S. Homeland Security and Critical Infrastructure Safety, Mar. 19, 2012.

[3] Energy Information Administration, Number and Capacity of Petroleum Refineries, http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_cap1_a_(na)_8o0_count_a.htm.

In the Pipeline: 8/22/12

In a sea of chaos, an island of reason. AEA (August 29, 2012) hosts: “Stephen Moore, editorial board member and senior economics writer for the Wall Street Journal, will lead a panel discussion in a lively debate on America’s energy future.
With vast energy resources and advances in technology to unlock them, America has the potential to lead the world in energy production and spark a revitalization of the manufacturing industry.”
 
You know what is really going to lead to societal collapse?  Terrible anti-energy votes by Congressmen. Bangor Daily News(8/20/12) reports: “There are a number of events that could create a situation in the cities where civil unrest would be a very high probability,” Bartlett predicts in “Urban Danger,” a documentary that features the cabin tour. “And I think that those who can and those who understand need to take advantage of the opportunity when these winds of strife are not blowing, to move their families.”
 
Shale gas will cut U.S. wind, solar energy demand, Barclays report says (and that’s why the Sierra Club is now anti-gas because nat gas is now inexpensive, and unlike wind and solar, reliable). E&ENews (8/21/12) reports: “Barclays analysts lowered their forecast for wind demand in the United States by 12 percent for 2014 and 9 percent for 2015 because of a greater share of shale gas in the U.S. energy mix.”
 
Energy and Commerce is very solid.  Now on to the Utility MACT.Energy & Commerce (8/21/12) reports: “Republican leaders on the House Energy and Commerce Committee welcomed today’s decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia to block implementation of the Environmental Protection Agency’s Cross-State Air Pollution Rule, one of several stringent new EPA rules affecting power plants that are expected to drive electricity prices higher and put jobs at risk.”
 
A regulatory swap?  No one is talking about that.  And none of the bad guys would offer automobile mandates, the RFS, all efficiency standards, and the GHG regs in exchange for a tax that some nominal Republicans are already planning for without even considering such a trade. Greenwire (8/21/12) reports: “The R-Street Institute is allegedly free-market and limited government, but you have to wonder then their founder says about a carbon tax, “If it’s a true tax and regulatory swap, I don’t see any reason why conservatives wouldn’t support it.” Does Lehrer really believe that the federal government will remove CAFE standards, all energy efficiency standards, the ethanol mandate, the cellulosic ethanol mandate, AND not increase taxes with a carbon tax. They must be smoking some fun stuff up on R-Street.”
 
Is anyone missing here?  Other than coal guys (40% of electricity), natural gas guys (Boone most definitely does not count; he is just a plutocrat), or actual Republicans? Politico (August 2012) reports: “Guests: Alliance to Save Energy’s Kateri Callahan; American Petroleum Institute’s Martin Durbin; Nuclear Energy Institute’s Alex Flint; energy entrepreneur T. Boone Pickens; and Solar Energy Industries Association’s Rhone Resch.”
 
Yikes, Here is Boone again.  I wonder if he is going to pimp the NAT GAS Act.  I really wonder who puts these things together for the Republican convention.  Are they aware that the caucus rejected Boone’s plan pretty much en masse? Business Wire (8/17/12) reports: “Guest speakers and moderators will include former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, oil and gas executive, financier and billionaire investor T. Boone Pickens and former Administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) Cass Sunstein.”
 
I wonder if Heathcliff and Cathy preferred bird-killing, expensive, unreliable energy? Daily Mail (8/19/12) reports: “And now campaigners opposing plans for a wind farm near Haworth, West Yorkshire, are facing a war on two fronts, as another energy firm attempts to place turbines on the landscape at the heart of Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights.”


America’s Greatest Resource: The Innovator

Fight back against government regulations that shut down refineries, kill manufacturing jobs, and drown the innovator in paperwork: http://www.productsandpower.org/take-action/

American Products. American Power. educates Americans on the importance of domestic energy production and the hundreds and hundreds of products like plastics and synthetic materials that are made possible by petrochemicals. Our goal is to not only create awareness, but also mobilize Americans against regulations that fail to properly balance the costs and the benefits, thereby stifling innovation and economic growth.

MIT and UC Davis Scholars Agree: Ethanol Hasn’t Made Gasoline Cheaper

 

Back in May, we posted a critique of a Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD) study that purported to show how ethanol mandates and subsidies had held down gasoline prices for American motorists. We pointed out that despite its fancy bells and regression analysis, the study—which was touted by the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA) and other pro-ethanol groups—was based on a simple mistake: It assumed that the conventional refining sector would be exactly the same, with or without government support of ethanol, and therefore “concluded” that there would be a lot less refined fuel for Americans if all of the ethanol suddenly disappeared.

If the government didn’t use tax preferences and mandates to artificially enlarge the role of ethanol in American fuel, then conventional petroleum refining would have grown faster than it actually did. Thus, the supply of fuel for motorists would not be any lower, and gasoline prices would not be higher, if the government had never supported ethanol. The pro-ethanol CARD study was doing the equivalent of someone saying that communism was necessary in North Korea, because clearly the free market wasn’t providing much food to those people. (I spelled out the evidence more comprehensively back in 2011 in response to an earlier version of the pro-ethanol study.)

Thanks to a tip from Marlo Lewis, we see that a new scholarly article [.pdf] (by economists from MIT and UC Davis) makes similar points to my earlier points. Here’s Lewis quoting and summarizing the study:

Knittel and Smith begin with a discussion of basic economics to “place loose bounds” on the potential effects of ethanol production on gasoline prices. They note that the largest component of the price of gasoline is the cost of crude oil.

“A barrel of crude oil contains 42 gallons, so every dollar per barrel increase in oil prices raises wholesale gasoline prices by about 2.4 cents. Thus, when oil is $100 per barrel, roughly $2.40 of the price of gasoline will be the cost of crude.”

Ethanol production can have only a “minimal impact” on crude oil prices. U.S. ethanol constitutes only 1% of world oil use. In addition, ethanol has one-third less energy content by volume than gasoline, so U.S. ethanol production replaces only 0.67% of world oil. Ethanol’s impact on the biggest factor affecting gasoline prices is likely very small.

Ethanol production could however affect gasoline prices by decreasing refiners’ profit margins. The CARD study concludes that the “crack spread” — the weighted average price of refined products minus the price of crude oil — would have been $0.89 higher if ethanol had been removed from the market in 2010 and $1.09 higher had it been removed in 2011. But, argue Knittel and Smith, crack spreads never stay that high for an entire year. Indeed, the “crack spread has not exceeded 60 cents for more than a few brief periods in the past 30 years.” The reason is that when “the crack spread is high, large profits encourage entry into the refining industry, which in turn puts downward pressure on the crack spread.”

Economics articles, especially when chock full of equations, can sometimes be used to reach absurd conclusions—in CARD’s case, the claim that government’s inefficient ethanol policies have made gasoline more than a dollar per gallon cheaper in 2011. In such cases, we can use our common sense to find the flaws. But, as the new paper by economists from MIT and UC Davis shows, we can also go through and illustrate the errors with a jargon-rich, mathematical paper too. When something is wrong, fancy math can’t salvage it.

In the Pipeline: 8/21/12

Preach on, Brother Bradley. Forbes (8/20/12) reports: “Ethanol as government energy policy has been an economic and environmental bust. There’s little debate: it inflates motor fuel prices, while compromising the environment. And that was before this summer’s drought reduced corn and wheat supply. President Obama is under pressure from all sides to waive the ethanol requirement for less expensive fuel and food.”

 

When the government takes away your beer and hands you a shot, the end of the story is pretty predictable. Apply that same logic here. WSJ (8/20/12) reports: “Mandated increases in energy efficiency—popular almost everywhere on the ideological spectrum—have been implemented around the world. Laws like the European Union’s new requirement for 15% energy savings, or the U.S. Senate’s proposed Clean Energy Standard Act of 2012, appear like clear winners for almost everyone. If the costs of new technologies are within reason, they promise consumers lower energy bills and producers more profit while mitigating the environmental costs of energy development and consumption… There is just one problem: Basic economics says that the best way to promote some activity is to reduce its price. That often means efficiency requirements end up having the opposite effect than the one intended.”

 
Hey!  Somebody at AEI must read the Pipeline; for that we are truly grateful.  Now if we could get some kind of public commitment to stop playing footsie with those who favor a carbon tax. AEI (8/18/12) reports: “The hardest hit sectors of the U.S. economy from a carbon tax would be energy-intensive industries, particularly chemicals, automobile manufacturing, iron and steel, aluminum, cement, and mining and oil refining… These large industries would be at a serious disadvantage in the world marketplace, and many companies would move production to countries without such a tax.”

 
“We want to make it safe for Republicans to debate climate change.”  That is almost exactly what Bob Inglis said when he launched his effort.  I wonder who is paying for these efforts.  I’m betting it is somebody like Bob Grady or Boyden Gray or Jim Connaughton.  I also wonder whether Senator Graham really wants to talk much about climate change.  I bet he doesn’t. National Journal (8/20/12) reports: “In a campaign season where energy and climate change have become partisan lightning rods, a small but growing group of Republicans are pushing back against their party’s orthodoxy on both issues.”

 
Do you think Salazar cares that his Department is consciously trying to impoverish Native Americans, rural Americans, and just generally all Americans?  I bet he is more worried about how legit he looks in that cowboy hat and bolo. Alaska Business Monthly(August 2012) reports: “As of yet, oil and gas has not been commercially produced from the NPR-A. This lack of production can be attributed to an onerous and sometimes convoluted federal process, where interactions within the Department of Interior and between other federal agencies is often confusing, leading to actions of one agency being cancelled by the actions of another. This bureaucracy often leads to a stalemate within agencies that can take years to sort out, leaving outside parties with no means of moving projects forward.”

 
This is a bit old (3 days now), but the message is too solid not to share.  The only scarce resource is wisdom; we have plenty of everything else. Washington Post (8/17/12) reports: “Sometimes the news is that something was not newsworthy. The United Nations’ Rio+20 conference — 50,000 participants from 188 nations — occurred in June without consequences. A generation has passed since the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio, which begat other conferences and protocols (e.g., Kyoto). And, by now, apocalypse fatigue — boredom from being repeatedly told the end is nigh.”

 

Nobody’s perfect, but we doubt the Sierra Club will be starting up a “Beyond Wind” campaign anytime soon. Hawaii News Now (8/3/12) reports: “This was the third fire related incident at the Kahuku wind farm since it opened in March 2011.  The battery energy storage system was hailed as breakthrough technology but clearly there are flaws.”

 

 

National Leaders, U.S. Senator Tell AEA to "Keep up the Great Work"

U.S. Senator Jon Tester (D-Mont.) joined thousands of other Americans in supporting the message of the American Energy Alliance (AEA), which is currently promoting affordable energy and manufacturing jobs in a nation-wide bus tour through major energy producing states. Stooping to sign his name on the AEA Products and Power bus, Sen. Tester encouraged AEA to “keep up the great work.” Tester’s name is now added alongside other leaders, including Michael Reagan, son of former President Ronald Reagan, Rep. Heather Wilson, Republican candidate for the seat of retiring New Mexico Senator Jeff Bingaman, Montana State Senator Jason Priest, and New Mexico State Senator Gay Kernan.

“The American Energy Alliance welcomes Sen. Tester’s support of our effort to educate the American people about the promise of our affordable domestic energy sources. Montana’s oil and natural gas industries currently employ more than 40,000 residents, and the state is in the middle of a proposed path for the Keystone XL pipeline that President Obama’s policies have halted. The state is also home to more than a quarter of the country’s estimated coal reserves, which despite the EPA’s efforts to kill the coal industry keep thousands of Montanans employed and have made the state’s electricity prices about 25 percent lower than the national average,” AEA Director of Communications Benjamin Cole noted.

“Affordable energy should not be a partisan issue. Next week, as we take the American Products and Power bus tour to Tampa for the Republican National Convention, I am proud that Jon Tester’s name will remain prominently displayed on our 45 foot, 51,000lb, 6mpg diesel-running bus.”

To read more about AEA’s bus tour stop in Montana, click here.

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In the Pipeline: 8/20/12

Heather Wilson in New Mexico.  Jon Tester in Montana.  Union folks, farmers, ranchers, salon owners, even children.  Pretty much everyone understands the importance of energy and refineries to manufacturing jobs and economic growth.  We welcome them all. Billings Gazette (8/16/12) reports: “Throughout the day, fairgoers, including Sen. Jon Tester, autographed a giant over-the-road bus parked outside the Heritage Building. The bus was driven by representatives of the American Energy Alliance, a nonprofit group that is advocating for a diverse energy policy.”

 

And if you didn’t see the bus while we were in Montana, you probably heard about it on the radio. Voices of Montana (8/16/12) reports: “[Today’s] show was live from Energy Day at Montana Fair. Various guests were on [today’s] show including Senator John McCain.”

 

Let me save you the read.  Electricity prices are going to go up, reliability is going to go down.  EPA and FERC don’t seem to care about either.  That is all. GAO (July 2012) reports: “Available information suggests these actions would likely increase electricity prices in some regions. Furthermore, while these actions may not cause widespread reliability concerns, they may contribute to reliability challenges in some regions.”

 

No better way to put it . . . Environment and Public Works (8/17/12) reports: “”The federal court’s decision to uphold EPA’s plan to permit higher-level blends of ethanol is a huge loss for Oklahomans and consumers nationwide,” Senator Inhofe said. “My constituents in Oklahoma want to be able to use fuel compatible with their vehicles, without having to worry about what kind of damage higher blends of ethanol will do to their engines. This ruling just enables EPA to continue pushing too much corn ethanol too fast through the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), a program that has had negative impacts on the safety of those operating vehicles and other equipment as well as food prices.”

 

Natural gas is the great destroyer.  Fortunately, the Farm Bill spends a lot of your money on biodiesel. Seeking Alpha (8/17/12) reports: The fact that even European producers have begun to cancel plans for the commercial-scale production of biofuels via biomass gasification could result in shareholder pressure on the few remaining employers of the pathway in the U.S. to do the same, or at least to consider feedstock diversification.

 

Again, either the Canadians are getting smarter (challenging to believe) or we seem more stupid. Canada Free Press (8/13/12) reports: “The Canadian Taxpayers Federation (CTF) today submitted its recommendation to kill the B.C. carbon tax with the provincial government panel reviewing the tax.”

 

Just a little more on the carbon tax from our friends in Australia. 4-Traders.com (8/18/12) reports: “No one is immune. Charities, councils, schools, hospitals, small businesses, community groups, public transport operators, have all seen their costs go up, during a time of increased economic uncertainty.”

 

Ken Green from AEI has requested from us a formal apology for tying him to our concerns about AEI’s involvement in planning a carbon tax campaign.  We apologize, Ken, and will not make that mistake again.

 

In his request, Mr. Green notes that Arthur Brooks has told “dozens of people” that he opposes a carbon tax. Not one of the dozens has been someone at AEA or (as far as we know) a reporter on the record. What Arthur Brooks has done is allow the use of AEI resources to contribute towards a campaign in support of a federal carbon tax. We are also sorry about that.

 

Furthermore, AEI’s fellow travelers on this effort (we know at least five meetings have been held) include some of the most questionable elements of the American environmental movement.  In the South, there is a saying about dogs, and fleas, and laying down with one and rising with the other.  That, too, is regrettable, but inevitable

In the Pipeline: 8/17/12

Basically, Dan Simmons ran the show, even though it’s not actually named after him. The Diane Rehm Show (8/16/12) reports: “The role of subsidies for wind energy has become a hot-button issue in the presidential campaign. Governor Romney opposes extending tax credits for the wind industry. President Obama has re-doubled his commitment to them. In a rare show of bipartisanship last week, the Senate Finance Committee voted to extend the credits for another year. The debate over their fate will likely surface again in the fall. Supporters of the extension argue all major sources of energy have received federal help. Opponents say it’s time to let the free market take over. Diane her guests discuss the politics the future of wind energy in the U.S.”

 

One job in the coal industry supports six downstream jobs? That’s probably an understatement. Affordable energy makes literally every job (not propped up by government) possible.

 

 

This I don’t get at all.  I thought renewables were supposed to be cheaper.  At least that is what that lunkhead in Hobbs, New Mexico told me last week.  I wonder if he was wrong. CBS (8/15/12) reports: “New Mexico regulators have approved a request by the state’s largest electric provider to add a charge to customers’ bills to pay for renewable energy.”

 

Do you know how the President is always talking about how we built the Hoover Dam together?  Can anyone even imagine that anymore?  Nowadays our government celebrates tearing dams down and lying about it.  When are the Westerners going to wake up? Redding.com (2/28/12) reports: “A federal agency’s former scientific integrity adviser has filed a whistle-blower complaint saying he was fired from his job after he began questioning top officials about “spinning” evidence to tout the removal of Klamath River dams.”

 

We don’t make the news here, we just report it. ACCCE (8/16/12) reports: “Robert M. “Mike” Duncan has been named president and CEO of the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, effective Sept. 10… Duncan brings wide experience in energy policy and business to ACCCE. Working with elected officials at every level and in all political parties, he has served as board member and chairman of the Tennessee Valley Authority; assistant director of the Office of Public Liaison in The White House; chairman of the American Crossroads 527 committee; and chairman of the Republican National Committee.”

 

Jon Haubert wanted to know why we keep bringing up the carbon tax.  It is because it is incredibly destructive policy.  And the crew at AEI, led by Arthur Brooks, doesn’t seem to care about that. Sydney Morning Herald (8/17/12) reports: “A TASKFORCE comprising trade unions and manufacturers has cited the carbon price as adding to the pressures on the struggling industry sector in a report to government containing more than 40 recommendations, sources say.”

 

If some is good, more is better. The Australian (8/15/12) reports: “The carbon tax is doing exactly what it was intended to do and hurting Australia’s economy,” he said.”